Pakistan’s Manipulation of the status of
Gilgit- Baltistan
Gilgit-
Baltistan is the northernmost geographical area of Pakistan
occupied Kashmir. It was also known as the
Northern Areas in Pakistan.
It shares borders with Afghanistan’s
Wakhan Corridor in the North, China
in the East and Northeast, Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir to the Southeast and Azad
Kashmir to the Southwest. Gilgit Baltistan is highly mountainous and covers an
area of 72,971 km squared. It has a population of about a million people. Gilgit Baltistan came into being by the
merger of Ladakh Wazarat, Baltistan Districtm Gilgit Agency and the states of
Nagar and Hunza. Both Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan make up the disputed
region of Pakistan
administered Kashmir, as per International
organizations and the United Nations. In India
it is known simply as Pakistan
occupied Kashmir.
In
1947 when erstwhile India
was divided into the two states of Pakistan
and India, the state of Jammu and Kashmir was
under the rule of Hindu Raja Hari Singh, even though the majority population
was that of Muslims. Upon the division of India Hari Singh kept his state of Jammu and Kashmir as an
Independent state. It was neither a part of India
nor Pakistan.
But, Pakistan attacked his
state with the help of the Western Muslim tribesmen in Kashmir
and almost reached the current Kashmiri Capital of Srinagar. The Raja could not
handle the onslaught and as per General Mountbatten’s suggestion, asked for
help from India.
In return India asked the
Raja to sign the Instrument of Accession, which made the whole territory of the
princely state of Jammu and Kashmir – Indian Territory.
The
then Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, asked the UN to intervene and the
United Nations passed the “United Nations Security Council Resolution 47” which
stipulated that Pakistan
withdraw all its forces from Kashmir. This was
to be followed by a plebiscite to decide the fate of the entire state of Kashmir. But, the withdrawal never happened and the area
which remained under the control of Pakistan
is known as Pakistan
administered Kashmir and Gilgit- Baltistan is
a part of the same.
Pakistan constituted the Sunni majority areas
into one administrative unit called Azad Kashmir and the Shia majority areas of
Gilgit and Baltistan were called the Northern areas of Jammu and Kashmir. These areas had been
leased by the King Hari Singh to the British and once Pakistan overtook these areas, they were
incorporated into Pakistan
and have since been ruled directly from Islamabad.
The
Pakistan government approved
a self-governance and reforms package for the Northern Areas which entails that
the strategically-located Northern Areas will have rights akin to those of Pakistan’s four provinces, (Punjab, Sind, NWFP, Balochistan). The “Gilgit- Baltistan
Empowerment and Self Governance Order 2009” also aims at giving the Northern
Areas “full internal autonomy” and changing the region’s name to
Gilgit-Baltistan. Under the new system, the Northern Areas will have a
province-like status without actually being conferred such a status
constitutionally. The region will vote for a legislative assembly, elections to
which are to be held in the next three months and a chief minister will govern
the region, replacing direct rule by Islamabad
Since
then various governments in Pakistan
have tried to merge Gilgit-Baltistan into their political structure and the
2009 announcement by Pakistani government, which espoused the idea of Gilgit
Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance, probably stemmed from the fact that
the 2007 EU Kashmir report which was passed by overwhelming majority had put
the Pakistani government under a lot of pressure.
In
her report Baroness Emma Nicholson, who also was the Vice-Chairman of the
European Parliament‘s Committee on Foreign Affairs at the time, deplored the
outbreaks of violence in Karachi and said that the overwhelming need of the
hour, is to „secure an independent justice system to address the situation of
the people of Pakistan, and particularly those of AJK (Ajad Jammu and Kashmir) and
Gilgit and Baltistan“. She also stated
that Pakistan has
consistently failed to fulfill its obligations to introduce meaningful and
representative democratic structures on its side of Kashmir
and expressed her concern about the fact that the region enjoys no form of
democratic representation whatsoever. People in Gilgit-Baltistan feel that in
the name of “Empowering people”, the Pakistan government actually wants
to annex Gilgit-Baltistan just as they had annexed the state of Chitral, which
is now a part of Malakand Division of Pakistan.
Source:
http://www.neurope.eu/blog/pakistan-s-manipulation-status-gilgit-baltistan
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